Asteroid 99942 Apophis is a near-Earth object that has garnered significant attention due to its size and close approaches to Earth. Here are the key details about Apophis:

Characteristics and Discovery

• Size: Apophis is approximately 1,100 feet (335 meters) across, making it one of the larger near-Earth asteroids.
• Discovery: It was discovered on June 19, 2004, by astronomers Roy Tucker, David Tholen, and Fabrizio Bernardi at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona.
• Composition: Apophis is a stony-type asteroid, likely composed of rock and metal, including nickel and iron, and is classified as an S-type asteroid.

Close Approaches to Earth

• 2029 Flyby: Apophis is expected to pass within 19,635 miles (31,600 kilometers) of Earth on April 13, 2029. This distance is closer than many geostationary satellites and is about one-tenth of the distance to the Moon. During this flyby, it will be visible to the naked eye in the Eastern Hemisphere, appearing as a bright star streaking across the sky.
• Impact Risk: Initially, Apophis was considered a potential impact threat, with concerns about possible collisions in 2029, 2036, and 2068. However, extensive observations and orbit calculations have ruled out any risk of impact for at least the next 100 years.

Scientific Interest

• Study Opportunities: The 2029 flyby presents a unique opportunity for scientists to study Apophis up close. Space agencies and scientific institutions plan to observe the asteroid using ground-based telescopes and potentially spacecraft to learn more about its characteristics and behavior.
• Orbit Alterations: Earth’s gravity is expected to significantly affect Apophis during its close approach, potentially altering its orbit. This gravitational interaction is a point of interest for researchers studying planetary defense and asteroid dynamics.

Apophis, named after an ancient Egyptian demon serpent, will not pose a threat to Earth in the foreseeable future. However, its close approach in 2029 will provide valuable insights into asteroid behavior and planetary defense strategies, making it a focal point for astronomers worldwide